Cannabis Ruderalis: Origins, Characteristics, and Cultivation Tips
Cannabis is a versatile plant that has been cultivated for thousands of years, with three main varieties: sativa, indica, and ruderalis. Sativa and indica are known for their distinct effects and are popular for recreational and medicinal use. Ruderalis, often overlooked, has unique features such as autoflowering, which allows it to bloom based on age rather than light cycles. This trait makes ruderalis increasingly popular among growers seeking faster growth and adaptability.
Exploring the Roots of Ruderalis
The term “ruderalis” derives from the Latin “rūderal,” meaning rubble or a rough piece of land. It describes plants that are weedy and thrive in undisturbed areas, such as roadsides, fields, and riverbanks. This name highlights their hardy, invasive nature, often growing in rugged environments where they can quickly colonize, emphasizing their resilience and adaptability in various harsh conditions, and has subsequently led to their colloquial reference as ‘weed’.
The C. ruderalis cannabis species grows wild across the Eurasian Steppe, which stretches from Eastern Europe to Central Asia. These robust plants have adapted to thrive in well-drained soils, which are often sandy or loamy, providing ideal conditions for quick root development. Their preference for these soil types is significant because it helps prevent waterlogging and allows the plants to thrive in regions with unpredictable weather and short summers.
The evolution of Ruderalis spans hundreds to thousands of years, as it adapted to survive in harsh environments where traditional photoperiod cannabis struggled. Its resilient seeds came to Amsterdam in the early 1980s. Since then, Ruderalis has become a vital genetic resource for breeding programs aimed at developing robust hybrid cannabis varieties, making significant contributions to advancements in cannabis cultivation worldwide.
Characteristics of Ruderalis and Why They Matter?
Cannabis ruderalis is a distinct subspecies within the Cannabis genus, characterized by unique morphological features that differentiate it from sativa and indica hybrids. Typically exhibiting a more diminutive stature, ruderalis plants generally range from one to three feet tall. They possess narrow, thick, palmate leaves, which help reduce water loss due to evaporation, and are particularly well-suited for those indoor growers with limited space.
The autoflowering trait refers to the plant’s ability to flower automatically, regardless of light cycles, based on its age. Unlike photoperiod-dependent strains that require specific light conditions to transition to flowering, autoflowering varieties begin to bloom after a predetermined period, typically two to four weeks after germination. They have shorter life cycles, ranging from 8 to 14 weeks from seed to harvest, allowing for multiple harvests during a growing season.
Ruderalis strains historically have very low THC levels, usually between 1% and 4%. These strains have a distinct biochemical makeup that leads to milder psychoactive effects compared to sativa and indica varieties. However, modern breeding has led to autoflower varieties seeing much higher potency.
The Hybridization of Autoflowering Varieties
For growers and consumers, Ruderalis genetics offer numerous advantages. Its auto-flowering cycle allows for multiple harvests within a single growing season, appealing to those seeking quick yields. Furthermore, Ruderalis plants are often more resilient to pests and diseases, reducing the need for pesticides. For consumers, the diversity of cannabinoids found in these hybrids presents a broader range of cannabis varieties in the market.
Example of a hybrid leaf
By crossbreeding ruderalis with high-quality indica or sativa hybrids, breeders can combine the desirable traits from both parent plants. In the F1 generation, approximately half of the offspring possess the autoflowering trait, although they may be less stable or potent at this time. Through repeated backcrossing and selection, breeders ensure future cannabis plants retain the autoflower gene while enhancing cannabinoid production and yield.
Early commercial autoflowering hybrids, such as Lowryder, introduced in the early 2000s by Joint Doctor, laid the foundation for compact, fast-growing autoflowering plants. The popularity of autos has grown significantly in the recreational market. Cannabis hybrids, such as G.S. Cookies Automatic and Banana OG Automatic, are gaining recognition, attracting growers with their ease of cultivation, quick flowering times, and dependable yields.
Four Quick Cultivation Tips for Autoflowers
Here are four essential cultivation tips to help you succeed.
- To maximize biomass throughout a short lifecycle, it’s time to fine-tune your nutrient regimen. A balanced mix of nutrients promotes robust growth and supports high yields within the limited timeframe. During the vegetative stage, use 10-5-5 or 20-10-10 NPK, and during the flowering stage, increase phosphorus and potassium ratios.
- Avoid any training techniques that may induce stress or cause delays in growth. Instead, focus on straightforward care practices that nurture the plants without overwhelming them. Keeping your approach simple and effective will help maintain overall health, allowing the plants to thrive in their condensed growth period.
- Overwatering is a common mistake that can lead to significant root problems and stunted growth. It’s crucial to establish a proper watering schedule to maintain healthy moisture levels in the soil. Monitoring the plants’ needs closely can prevent overwatering, ensuring strong root development and promoting overall plant vitality.
- Patience is essential when growing anything, especially cannabis. Allowing your plants time to develop is vital for their health. It also helps to resist the urge to rush the process or tamper with any aspect of it. Instead, observe their growth patterns and provide gentle support, fostering an environment where plants can flourish naturally.
The 3 Best Autoflowering Varieties
Now you’ve got the basics of Autoflowering strains, here are three of our favorites!
Banana OG
Banana OG
Banana OG Autoflower is renowned for its outstanding yield and rich flavor profile with a delightful combination of sweet banana aroma complemented by fuel-like terpenes.
With THC levels averaging over 25%, it provides a potent, uplifting high suitable for experienced users. In just 80 days from seed, it produces dense, purple-highlighted colas, making it ideal for beginner growers seeking a flavorful, high-yielding, and resilient strain.
G.S. Cookies
G.S. Cookies
G.S. Cookies is a high-quality cannabis hybrid developed by crossing G.S. Cookies Bx5 with Matanuska and G.S. Cookies Forum. This strain exhibits a vigorous growth pattern, characterized by dense, compact buds that contain up to 28% THC, with plants reaching heights of up to one meter. Connoisseurs have reported an uplifting high followed by a relaxing body stone. Its terpene profile includes notes of zesty citrus, complemented by fresh pine and skunk.
Pound Town
Pound Town
Pound Town Auto is known for its robust growth patterns and vigor. With a composition of 60% Sativa and 40% Indica, it presents a delightful blend of gassy and sweet flavors, complemented by a unique aroma of fuel, caramel, apple, and melon funk. This potent hybrid not only aligns with large-scale production but also offers euphoric and uplifting effects, making it a suitable choice for both home growers and commercial cultivators alike.
Are Autoflowers Really Worth It?
As the foundation of cannabis autoflowering strains, Ruderalis genetics are essential in maintaining the autoflower characteristic. Their toughness and simplicity in growth make them a great option for both beginners and commercial growers. Growing autoflowers can result in a low-maintenance, rewarding experience with minimal effort. Choose autoflowers for an easier cultivation process and enjoy the advantages of this hardy, versatile plant!
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About the Author: Mark Smith
